Evidence for a VA disability claim: the three things you must prove

The difference between a granted claim and a denied one is almost always the evidence. And the evidence question is simpler than it seems, because every direct service-connection claim comes down to proving three things.

Element 1: A current diagnosis

You need a current, diagnosed condition. The evidence is your medical records, a diagnosis from a VA or private provider, or the C&P exam itself. A symptom without a diagnosis is generally not enough for a direct claim.

Element 2: An in-service event, injury, or exposure

You need something in service that could have caused the condition. The evidence is your service treatment records, your DD-214, personnel records, incident or after-action reports, or buddy statements from those who witnessed it.

Element 3: A nexus linking the two

You need a link between the in-service event and the current diagnosis. The evidence is usually a medical opinion (a nexus letter) stating the connection is at least as likely as not, or, for chronic conditions, a documented continuity of symptoms since service. Presumptive conditions skip this element because the VA concedes the link.

Put it together

Line up your evidence against these three elements before you file, and you will spot the gaps the VA would otherwise deny you for. This framework, from 38 CFR 3.303, is the backbone of nearly every claim.